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Monk Bretton is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. It lies approximately two miles north-east from Barnsley town centre. == History == Monk Bretton has been a settlement since medieval times and was originally known as just 'Bretton'. It is sometimes thought to have taken its name from the twelfth-century Adam fitz Swain de Bretton, whose family owned much land in the area and who also founded Monk Bretton Priory.〔(Bretton - Introduction to the Bretton family history )〕 However, in the Domesday Book of 1086 the area is already known as Brettone, and the name may have originally meant 'Farmstead of the Britons', suggesting that a remnant of the old Romano-British population may have lived here into the Anglo-Saxon period. By 1225 the village was referred to as Munkebretton, ‘munke’ referring to the monks of the nearby Priory.〔()〕 In 1444, Sir William de Bretton gave to Thomas Haryngton, esquire, and other trustees, lands and tenements in Monk Bretton, which his father and grandfather had leased to the prior and convent for a term of years.〔(Bretton - The "Brettons" of West Bretton from Adam Fitz Swein de Bretton )〕 (More info here ) The mediaeval village cross, today known as the ‘Butter Cross’, still survives, standing at the junction of High Street and Cross Street. This precious monument had the go ahead for a traffic island to protect it in 2011. The scheme, costing £106,000 also saw the road junction widened for buses and other large vehicles to pass on the correct side of the road rather than the opposite as in previous years. The cross may have had a social as well as a religious function, a place to meet and hear news.〔()〕 The village park also shows traces of mediaeval ridge and furrow cultivation.〔http://www.barnsley.gov.uk/monkbretton-park〕 An act of 1609 gave all freeholders of Monk Bretton manorial rights and, since it was not repealed, technically everyone who owns freehold property or land is a ‘lord’ of the village.〔()〕 On Burton Bank is a Quaker burial ground dating from the 1650s. Later a small meeting house was erected, which became a focus for local Quakers up until the 19th century.〔 Although the nearby Priory formed a Christian community (until dissolution by Henry VIII), Monk Bretton did not possess a church until 1838. The village formed part of the extensive parish of Royston. In 1838 the foundation stone for the first church was laid on a site donated by Sir George Wombwell, at the corner of Cross Street and Burton Road. A new chapelry district, separating Monk Bretton (with Cudworth) from Royston parish and enabling 'baptisms, churchings and burials', was created by Queen Victoria by an order in Council on 22 July 1843.〔The London Gazette,issue 20245, 25 July 1843, pp.2514-2516〕 The first church was replaced (on the same site) by the present St Paul's Church in 1878.〔 The church, built in the late Decorated style, is now a grade II listed building.〔()〕 The churchyard contains 16 burials from the 1866 Oaks Colliery explosion. In 1801, Monk Bretton had a population of 480.〔()〕 By the 1870s, this had grown to just over 1900, according to John Marius Wilson's ''Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales'' 1870-72. Wilson also stated that besides its church, Monk Bretton had three Methodist chapels, as well as a national school and six alms-houses.〔()〕 Monk Bretton Colliery opened in 1870, extracting coal from the Barnsley Seam. The colliery was modernised on nationalisation and pit head baths, which still stand today, were opened. A village Miners' Welfare Hall was opened in Cross Street. The colliery was closed in 1968.〔 Monk Bretton once possessed some of the most historic buildings in the Barnsley area, but these were never preserved.〔Monk Bretton Bygones, October 1993, printed by Yorkshire Web (a division of The Barnsley Chronicle Limited)〕 The Manor House and several other interesting structures on Cross Street and High Street disappeared in the 1960s.〔 Also demolished was Monk Bretton 'Castle', a folly on Burton Bank built by a local priest as a look-out tower or observatory and subsequently used for the lighting of beacons on occasions such as royal events and the end of wars.〔 Only Manor Farm remains, and the oldest structure still standing is a 17th-century barn at the junction of Cross Street and Westgate, belonging to the farm.〔 The village greatly expanded in the 19th and 20th centuries with the building of new housing estates, so that today Monk Bretton more or less merges into nearby Lundwood, Carlton, Athersley and Smithies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monk Bretton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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